A henotheist is a person who worships one supreme god, but doesn't deny the existence and worship of other deities. Friedrich Schelling (and Friedrich Welcker) coined it to describe monotheism believed in by the ancient Greeks. It is a form of monotheism that emphasizes the importance of human free will.
Monotheistic
Monotheism is the belief in one all-powerful god. This is opposed to polytheism where multiple gods are believed. Monotheistic religions include Christianity and Judaism as well as Islam. The Greek prefix monos/theos, both words that mean god, is what gives the term its name. Monotheism doesn't only apply to monotheistic religions. Buddhism, for example, is not considered monotheistic.
Monotheism may be difficult to practice if you don't have other gods. But there are still some benefits to the religion. One advantage of monotheism is its ability cater to diverse worshippers. Clerics or diviners can perform spells independently of the help from other gods but could have alignment issues. Another advantage is that they are more compatible with other religions, allowing for coexistence.
The concept of sacrificial devotion is a common thread among the major monotheistic religions. All three religions center on the story of Abraham who was asked by God to sacrifice his only son. God stopped Abraham from offering his only son to God and gave him a ram instead. Traditionally, Jews have put their trust in a coming messiah (god), to whom they are expected to lead the world.
The belief that the god is the creator of all things is what gives rise to the notion of a god. Jupiter could have many faces, so the worship of different gods was not monotheistic. These gods were merely various names for the same god.
Some believe monotheism began in Ancient Israel. Others believe that monotheism emerged in nearby cultures after the Babylonian exile. These two traditions may have been separate, but the evidence for their relationship is abundant. Numerous biblical scholars have supported the early monotheism hypothesis.
The Vedas also contain Henotheism. Varuna in Hinduism is both a king, and the ultimate judge. It infused his religion of grace, and also punished sin. There is an inherent contradiction in henotheism with a belief only one god.
Philosophers have tried to explain religion over the centuries in concrete terms. These explanations can be complicated. An example of this is the trinity. Although it is difficult to grasp, it has been a major influence on the evolution of philosophy. The ancient world was the first place where philosophy developed.